@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Manrope:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');
:root{--paper:#f4f5ef;--white:#fff;--ink:#1a302b;--muted:#607069;--green:#165647;--lime:#d6e8be;--line:#d9ded3;--soft:#ebeee4;--mono:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Consolas,monospace;--sans:'DM Sans','PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif;--display:'Manrope','PingFang SC',sans-serif}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:96px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);line-height:1.6}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button{font:inherit;cursor:pointer;color:inherit}button,a{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,[tabindex]:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #bf791e;outline-offset:5px}button{border:0;background:none}::selection{background:#cfe0b6}.wrap{max-width:1240px;width:calc(100% - 104px);margin:0 auto}.skip{position:absolute;left:10px;top:-80px;z-index:20;background:var(--ink);color:white;padding:12px}.skip:focus{top:12px}.site-header{height:100px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:25px;max-width:1440px;padding:0 52px;margin:auto;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;font-family:var(--display);font-weight:800;font-size:23px;letter-spacing:-1px;line-height:1.05}.brand-small{display:block;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:9px;letter-spacing:3px;font-weight:400;margin-top:6px}.site-header nav{display:flex;gap:28px;font-size:13px}.site-header nav a{transition:color .2s}.site-header nav a:hover{color:#71904b}.header-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;font-size:13px}#language{padding:8px 0;min-width:30px}.small-cta{border-bottom:1px solid var(--green);padding:6px 0}.small-cta span{padding-left:18px}.menu-toggle{display:none}.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.12fr 1fr;gap:60px;padding-top:85px;padding-bottom:85px;align-items:center}.eyebrow{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.5px;line-height:1.7;margin:0 0 23px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--green)}.hero .eyebrow{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}.dot{width:6px;height:6px;background:#819942;border-radius:50%;display:inline-block}h1,h2,h3,p{margin-top:0}h1{font-family:var(--display);font-size:clamp(40px,4.1vw,58px);line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-2.7px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:25px}h1 em{font-family:Georgia,'Songti SC',serif;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;color:var(--green)}.hero-description{font-size:17px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);max-width:540px}.hero-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:30px;margin:30px 0 21px}.button{padding:14px 20px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:28px;font-size:13px;font-weight:500;border:1px solid var(--green);transition:background .2s,transform .2s}.button.primary{background:var(--green);color:#fff}.button:hover{background:#23483c;transform:translateY(-2px)}.text-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;font-size:13px;font-weight:500;padding:6px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.text-link:hover{color:#547846}.hero-note{font-size:11px;color:#7a8275;margin:0}.math-panel{background:#163d33;color:#d5e5ce;min-height:402px;transform:rotate(-1.8deg);position:relative;box-shadow:13px 14px 0 #e6e9de}.panel-top,.panel-bottom{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1.2px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin:0 24px}.panel-top{padding-top:24px}.proof-art{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;margin:9px 0}.panel-bottom{border-top:1px solid #69807560;padding-top:13px;padding-bottom:13px}.panel-symbol{font-size:28px;line-height:1}.panel-caption{padding:13px 24px;background:#d6e8be;color:#254537;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.1px}.focus-strip{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.focus-strip .wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:24px 0;font-size:13px}.focus-strip span:first-child{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1.7px;color:var(--muted)}.focus-strip a{font-size:24px;line-height:1}.section{padding-top:90px;padding-bottom:90px}.section-heading{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr;gap:80px;align-items:end;margin-bottom:40px}.section-heading .eyebrow{margin-bottom:15px}h2{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-1.5px;font-size:36px;line-height:1.23;margin-bottom:0}.section-heading>p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin:0;max-width:460px;line-height:1.8}.explorer{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.86fr 1.55fr;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);min-height:350px}.op-tabs{display:flex;flex-direction:column;border-right:1px solid var(--line);padding:15px 30px 15px 0;justify-content:center}.op-tab{display:flex;gap:22px;align-items:center;text-align:left;padding:20px 17px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:16px;transition:background .2s}.op-tab:last-child{border-bottom:0}.op-tab span{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:10px;color:#6e8475}.op-tab b{margin-left:auto;font-weight:400}.op-tab[aria-selected=true]{background:#e1e9d8}.op-tab:hover{background:#e9ede2}.op-content{padding:37px 43px}.op-content h3{font-family:var(--display);font-size:25px;letter-spacing:-.5px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:17px}.op-content>p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);max-width:610px}.op-flow{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;margin:25px 0;font-size:13px}.op-flow span:not(.arrow){background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 15px;flex:1;text-align:center}.op-flow .arrow{color:#7b896e}.op-boundary{border-left:2px solid #829565;padding-left:15px;font-size:12px!important;line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:0}.op-boundary strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}.projects-section{background:var(--soft)}.project-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:28px}.project{padding:30px 32px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid #d5dccd}.project-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.project-no{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:30px;color:#77876f}.badge{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #b8c6ac;color:#506c40;padding:4px 7px}.project-graphic{height:148px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;margin:18px 0 15px;font-family:var(--mono);color:var(--green);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background-image:radial-gradient(#d3dacc 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:16px 16px}.protocol-graphic span{font-size:10px;background:var(--paper);padding:9px 11px;border:1px solid #a5b69a}.protocol-graphic b{font-size:21px;font-weight:400;margin:0 12px}.project-graphic i{position:absolute;bottom:12px;font-size:10px;font-style:normal;background:var(--paper);padding:0 8px;letter-spacing:.5px}.numeric-graphic{flex-direction:column}.numeric-graphic>span{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:2px}.numeric-graphic>div{font:italic 40px Georgia,serif;line-height:1.6}.project h3{font-family:var(--display);font-size:25px;line-height:1.35;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.6px;margin-bottom:15px}.project>p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.75;min-height:73px}.project dl{font-size:12px;margin:24px 0}.project dl>div{padding:9px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;gap:20px;justify-content:space-between}.project dt{color:var(--muted);flex-shrink:0}.project dd{margin:0;text-align:right}.featured-work{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.64fr 1.3fr;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:36px;gap:70px;align-items:center}.report-cover{background:#d5dfbd;padding:24px;color:#234a3b;max-width:300px;box-shadow:7px 7px 0 #eaede3;position:relative;overflow:hidden;min-height:355px}.report-cover>span{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:8px;letter-spacing:1px}.report-cover>div{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;font-size:72px;line-height:.96;letter-spacing:-5px;margin:32px 0 25px}.report-cover>div>span{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-weight:400;font-style:italic}.report-cover>p{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:1.7;position:relative;z-index:1}.report-cover svg{position:absolute;width:100%;bottom:-4px;left:0;opacity:.5}.featured-copy .eyebrow{font-size:9px}.featured-copy h3{font-family:var(--display);font-size:35px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-1px;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:20px}.featured-copy>p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.8}.topic-tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:20px 0 25px}.topic-tags span{font-size:10px;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:4px 9px;border-radius:2px}.work-toolbar{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:14px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1.4px}.filters{display:flex;gap:6px;font:12px var(--sans);letter-spacing:0}.filters button{padding:7px 12px;border-radius:20px}.filters button.active{background:var(--green);color:#fff}.work-row{width:100%;display:grid;grid-template-columns:145px 1fr 30px;gap:30px;align-items:center;padding:25px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);text-align:left}.work-row:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.work-row:hover .work-title{color:#6a8547}.work-meta{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted)}.work-meta span{display:block;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:9px;margin-bottom:6px}.work-title{font-family:var(--display);font-size:19px;line-height:1.4;font-weight:500;transition:color .2s}.work-row p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:8px 0 0;line-height:1.7}.work-arrow{font-size:23px;text-align:right}.about-section{background:#193c32;color:#e2eadc}.about-section .eyebrow{color:#bacfa9}.about-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:100px}.about-section h2{font-size:43px}.about-intro{margin:28px 0 0;color:#b4c6bb;font-size:14px;line-height:1.85;max-width:390px}.principles article{display:flex;gap:25px;padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #506d5d}.principles article:first-child{padding-top:0}.principles article:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.principles article>span{font:10px var(--mono);padding-top:6px;color:#9eb997}.principles h3{font-size:18px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:9px}.principles p{font-size:13px;color:#b4c6bb;line-height:1.75;margin:0}.collaboration{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr;gap:100px;align-items:center}.collaboration h2{font-size:38px}.collaboration>div>p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:22px;max-width:440px}.collaboration .button{margin-top:10px}.collab-note{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:28px 0}.collab-note h3{font-size:17px;font-weight:500}.collab-note ul{padding-left:17px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted)}.collab-note li{padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:6px}.pending-contact{font-size:11px!important;color:#798371!important;margin:18px 0 0!important;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:18px}footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px 0 22px}.footer-top{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.footer-top .brand{font-size:20px}.footer-top p{font:italic 17px Georgia,serif;margin:0;color:var(--muted)}.footer-top>a:last-child{font-size:11px}.footer-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:9px;color:#7f887b;margin-top:30px}.menu-toggle span{display:block;width:20px;height:1px;background:var(--ink);margin:6px 0}
dialog{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:34px 40px;max-width:720px;width:calc(100% - 36px);max-height:85vh;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink)}dialog::backdrop{background:#102f27a6;backdrop-filter:blur(4px)}.dialog-top{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-bottom:24px}.dialog-top .eyebrow{margin:0}#close-dialog{font-size:30px;line-height:1;padding:2px 8px}#detail-title{font-family:var(--display);font-size:30px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-1px}#detail-body p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.85}#detail-body h3{font-size:14px;margin:26px 0 10px}#detail-body ul{padding-left:20px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted)}.detail-note{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:19px;font-size:12px!important}.detail-links{display:flex;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;margin-top:25px}body.modal-open{overflow:hidden}html[lang=zh-CN] h1{font-size:49px;line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:-1px}html[lang=zh-CN] h2{line-height:1.4}html[lang=zh-CN] .hero-description{line-height:1.95}html[lang=zh-CN] .project>p{min-height:75px}
@media(min-width:1500px){.hero{gap:85px;padding-top:105px;padding-bottom:105px}h1{font-size:62px}}
@media(max-width:1050px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 64px)}.site-header{padding:0 32px;height:85px}.site-header nav{gap:17px;font-size:12px}.header-actions{gap:17px}.hero{gap:36px;padding-top:65px;padding-bottom:65px}h1{font-size:42px;letter-spacing:-2px}.hero-actions{gap:17px;flex-wrap:wrap}.math-panel{min-height:0}.panel-caption{font-size:10px}.section-heading{gap:40px}.project{padding:24px}.project h3{font-size:22px}.project dl>div{display:block}.project dd{text-align:left;margin-top:3px}.featured-work{gap:42px}.about-grid,.collaboration{gap:55px}.op-content{padding:30px}.op-tabs{padding-right:20px}.op-flow{gap:10px}html[lang=zh-CN] h1{font-size:39px}.small-cta{display:none}}
@media(max-width:740px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.site-header{height:76px;padding:0 20px;position:relative}.brand{font-size:21px}.site-header nav{display:none;position:absolute;top:76px;left:0;right:0;background:var(--paper);padding:20px;z-index:10;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:15px}.site-header nav.open{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px}.menu-toggle{display:block;padding:6px}.header-actions{gap:20px}.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:40px;padding:48px 0 58px}.hero-copy{max-width:550px}h1{font-size:42px;letter-spacing:-1.8px;line-height:1.18}.hero-description{font-size:15px;max-width:450px}.hero .eyebrow{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1px}.hero-actions{gap:24px}.hero-note{font-size:10px}.math-panel{transform:none;max-width:550px;width:100%;box-shadow:7px 8px 0 #e6e9de}.proof-art{max-height:260px}.panel-caption{font-size:11px}.focus-strip .wrap{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px 18px;font-size:11px;padding:20px 0}.focus-strip span:first-child{width:100%;font-size:8px}.focus-strip a{margin-left:auto;font-size:19px}.section{padding-top:60px;padding-bottom:60px}.section-heading{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px;margin-bottom:28px}h2{font-size:30px;letter-spacing:-1px}.section-heading>p{font-size:13px}.explorer{grid-template-columns:1fr}.op-tabs{border-right:0;padding:10px 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:3px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.op-tab{border:0;font-size:13px;padding:13px 10px;gap:8px}.op-tab span{font-size:8px}.op-tab b{display:none}.op-content{padding:27px 0}.op-content h3{font-size:24px}.op-flow{font-size:11px;gap:8px}.op-flow span:not(.arrow){padding:10px 8px}.project-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.project{padding:24px}.project h3{font-size:25px}.project>p{min-height:0}.project dl>div{display:flex}.project dd{text-align:right;margin-top:0;max-width:58%}.featured-work{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:35px;padding:25px}.report-cover{max-width:100%;min-height:235px;padding:20px}.report-cover>div{font-size:61px;margin:20px 0}.report-cover>div br{display:none}.report-cover svg{width:60%;left:auto;right:0}.featured-copy h3{font-size:28px}.work-toolbar{gap:15px;align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;margin-top:35px}.filters{gap:3px}.filters button{padding:6px 11px}.work-row{grid-template-columns:1fr 20px;gap:8px 15px;padding:22px 0}.work-meta{grid-column:1 / 3;display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center}.work-meta span{margin:0}.work-title{font-size:19px}.work-row p{font-size:12px}.about-grid,.collaboration{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:40px}.about-section h2,.collaboration h2{font-size:33px}.about-intro{max-width:100%}.principles h3{font-size:18px}.collaboration>div>p:not(.eyebrow){max-width:100%}.footer-top{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:25px}.footer-top p{display:none}.footer-bottom{align-items:flex-start;gap:18px;line-height:1.6;font-size:8px}dialog{padding:24px}#detail-title{font-size:25px}html[lang=zh-CN] h1{font-size:38px}html[lang=zh-CN] .project>p{min-height:0}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important}}

/* Official HKUST / Crypto-Fintech Lab identity, preserved as one original asset. */
.institution-bar{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.institution-inner{max-width:1440px;margin:auto;padding:18px 52px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:32px}
.institution-logo{display:block;flex:0 1 316px;min-width:0}
.institution-logo img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.institution-credit{text-align:right;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:7px}
.institution-credit>span,.footer-institution>div>span{font:9px var(--mono);letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--muted)}
.institution-credit>a{font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:#003366}.institution-credit>a>span{margin-left:8px}
.site-header{height:82px}.hero{padding-top:65px}
.footer-institution{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:28px;padding:4px 0 28px;margin-bottom:28px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.footer-institution>a{display:block;width:240px;max-width:50%}.footer-institution img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.footer-institution>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:7px;text-align:right}.footer-institution>div>a{font-size:12px;color:#003366}
@media(max-width:1050px){.institution-inner{padding:16px 32px}.institution-logo{flex-basis:290px}.institution-credit>a{font-size:12px}}
@media(max-width:740px){.institution-inner{padding:15px 20px;justify-content:center}.institution-logo{flex-basis:286px;max-width:100%}.institution-credit{display:none}.site-header{height:76px}.hero{padding-top:44px}.footer-institution{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:18px;padding-bottom:24px;margin-bottom:24px}.footer-institution>a{width:245px;max-width:100%}.footer-institution>div{text-align:left}}